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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Prokaryotic Cells01:28

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Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains — Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common microorganisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

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ProPan: a comprehensive database for profiling prokaryotic pan-genome dynamics.

Yadong Zhang1,2, Hao Zhang1,2,3, Zaichao Zhang4

  • 1National Genomics Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.

Nucleic Acids Research
|September 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ProPan is a new database for exploring prokaryotic pan-genome dynamics across 1,481 bacterial and 23 archaeal species. It aids in understanding genomic variations, identifying key genes, and predicting environmental adaptations like resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Pan-genomics offers deeper insights than comparative genomics into species evolution, taxonomy, and adaptation.
  • Understanding gene conservation and variation is crucial for excavating key metabolic and resistance genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present ProPan, a comprehensive public database for profiling prokaryotic pan-genome dynamics.
  • To facilitate the analysis of genome characteristics, gene variations, and environmental adaptations in prokaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated analysis of massive datasets from 23 archaeal and 1,481 bacterial species (51,882 strains).
  • Development of a user-friendly interface with flexible retrieval and multi-level statistical visualization.
  • Prediction of resistance genes (126 substances) and evaluation of metabolic cycles (31 processes).

Main Results:

  • ProPan provides evaluations of species' pan-genome dynamics and composition.
  • Offers visualization of gene cluster associations, functional annotations, and presence/absence variations.
  • Includes predictions for environmental adaptation traits, such as resistance and metabolic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • ProPan serves as a valuable resource for prokaryotic pan-genomics, aiding in taxonomy, identification, and environmental adaptation studies.
  • The database enhances the understanding of genomic diversity and functional gene evolution in prokaryotes.