Understanding of empathetic communication in acute hospital settings: a scoping review

Empathy and empathy education have been reviewed a number of times through systematic reviews and meta-analyses; however, the topic of 'empathetic communication' remains poorly understood when considering engaging in hospital-based research. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to explore the existing literature concerning empathetic communication in hospital settings and to evaluate the definitions presented.

Scoping review.

Systematic searches of the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and PsycArticles databases were conducted.

All English studies in which empathetic communication in hospital settings were explored. The search terms used included empathy, communication, hospital settings, providers, and consumers.

Data were assessed through the use of a pre-set analysis tool.

After conducting the searches, 419 articles were identified, of which 26 were included in this review. No single article specifically defined the term 'empathetic communication'; however, 33 unique definitions of 'empathy' were identified, of which 23 considered communication to be a component of empathy. There was a considerable lack of consistency between the empathy definitions, with some classifying communication in empathy as an ability and others classifying it as a dynamic process.

Future and contextually focused research is needed to develop a consistent and clear definition of empathetic communication and empathy within a hospital setting to better build positive healthcare cultures.

Inconsistencies between definitions of empathy in empathetic communication research could reduce the efficacy of future research gains and impact the translation of research findings into clinical practice.