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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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The oldest gnathostome teeth.

Plamen S Andreev1,2, Ivan J Sansom3, Qiang Li1,2

  • 1Research Center of Natural History and Culture, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China.

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|September 28, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fossil discoveries reveal Qianodus duplicis, the earliest known jawed vertebrate teeth from the Early Silurian period, pushing back the origin of gnathostome dentition by 14 million years.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Vertebrate Paleontology

Background:

  • Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) evolved mandibular teeth during the Palaeozoic era.
  • The earliest evidence for gnathostome teeth was previously dated to the Late Silurian (approx. 425 million years ago).
  • Understanding the early evolution of vertebrate dentition is crucial for tracing vertebrate diversification.

Observation:

  • Isolated tooth whorls of Qianodus duplicis were discovered in Guizhou province, China.
  • These fossils represent a new genus and species of Early Silurian gnathostome.
  • The teeth are arranged in non-shedding, paired rows with features seen in modern jawed vertebrates, including lingual addition.

Findings:

  • Qianodus duplicis provides the earliest direct fossil evidence of jawed vertebrate teeth.
  • This discovery dates toothed gnathostomes to the Early Silurian, approximately 439 million years ago.
  • The findings indicate that complex tooth replacement and growth mechanisms evolved earlier than previously thought.

Implications:

  • This pushes back the origin of gnathostome dentition by 14 million years.
  • The discovery supports the hypothesis of an earlier emergence of jawed vertebrates during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.
  • It offers new insights into the initial diversification of vertebrates and the evolution of key dental features.