Resistance Pattern in Mostly Gram-negative Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections
Bader S Alotaibi1, Bilal Ahmad Tantry2, Anjum Farhana2
1Department of Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Alquwayiyah, Shaqra University, Shaqra 15273, Saudi Arabia.
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
|September 29, 2022
Summary
Multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria are the main cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Saudi Arabia. High resistance rates to common antibiotics like cephalosporins and carbapenems were observed, impacting treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Antimicrobial Resistance
Background:
- Antimicrobial prescribing for urinary tract infections (UTIs) relies on local pathogen data and resistance patterns.
- Understanding the bacteriological diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles is crucial for effective UTI management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the bacteriological diversity of UTI-causing pathogens.
- To assess antimicrobial resistance patterns, particularly in gram-negative bacteria, within the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, hospital-based cross-sectional study analyzing urine culture and sensitivity reports from January to December 2020.
- Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using the BD Phoenix system.
- Adherence to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines for antimicrobial testing.
Main Results:
- Out of 1334 urine samples, 422 (31.6%) showed bacterial growth, with 90.8% being gram-negative.
- Escherichia coli (38.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.0%), and Enterococcus faecalis (4.3%) were the most common pathogens.
- High rates of multidrug resistance (80.7%) and extensive drug resistance (23.0%) were observed in gram-negative bacteria.
- Resistance exceeded 55% for 1st-4th generation cephalosporins (except cefoxitin) and 37.6% for carbapenems, with meropenem showing 34.0% resistance.
Conclusions:
- Multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria are the predominant pathogens causing UTIs in the studied region.
- Significant resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems among gram-negative UTI pathogens necessitates careful antibiotic selection.
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