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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
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Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Types of Stressors01:23

Types of Stressors

283
A stressor is any event, condition, or stimulus that triggers stress and causes a physical or psychological response in the body. Stressors can be categorized into three main types: catastrophes; significant life changes; and daily hassles, including social stress. Each can be detrimental to physical and mental well-being.
Catastrophes
Catastrophes refer to large-scale, unpredictable events that create overwhelming stress and a sense of threat. Examples include natural disasters like...
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Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

161
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
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Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
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Ongoing traumatic stress during a global pandemic.

Kelly E Dixon1, Colin T Mahoney1, Kristin W Samuelson1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs.

Psychological Trauma : Theory, Research, Practice and Policy
|September 29, 2022
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

The COVID-19 pandemic

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Trauma Studies
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique challenges, leading to its conceptualization as a potentially traumatic event.
  • Heterogeneity in pandemic experiences and stress responses questions the direct applicability of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) construct.
  • Literature on chronic illness and continuous traumatic situations (CTS) suggests unique symptom presentations during ongoing traumas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the applicability of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic construct to COVID-19 experiences.
  • To explore nuanced patterns of traumatic stress responses to the pandemic, differentiating PTSD from transient ongoing trauma responses.
  • To investigate the utility of chronic illness and CTS frameworks in understanding pandemic-related stress.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-four adults completed the PTSD Checklist with additional questions on pandemic index events, symptom temporality, self-appraised abnormality, and context dependence.
  • Exploratory latent profile analysis was employed to model the latent structure of traumatic stress responses to COVID-19.
  • The analysis aimed to identify distinct symptom patterns indicative of PTSD versus ongoing trauma responses.

Main Results:

  • Two primary profiles emerged, largely distinguished by severity, supporting the general aptness of the PTSD framework for COVID-19.
  • Secondary analyses indicated nuances: some participants meeting PTSD criteria did not endorse Criterion A index events.
  • A significant portion endorsed intrusive symptoms related to present/future threats and reported context-dependent symptoms, aligning with CTS frameworks.

Conclusions:

  • The findings underscore the need for refined assessment tools for pandemic-related trauma.
  • Opportunities exist for modifying treatment approaches to better address the unique aspects of COVID-19-related stress.
  • Further research is warranted to integrate insights from chronic illness and CTS literature into trauma response frameworks.