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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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RNA Stability01:53

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
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Coupling epigenetics and RNA polyadenylation: missing links.

Juncheng Lin1, Qingshun Quinn Li2

  • 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.

Trends in Plant Science
|September 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Precise gene expression regulation in plants involves pre-mRNA polyadenylation and epigenetic modifications. These mechanisms interplay to control plant development and environmental responses.

Keywords:
3′-end formationalternative polyadenylationcotranscriptional regulationepigeneticsepitranscriptomic modificationmRNA processing

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Transcriptional regulation

Background:

  • Precise gene expression control is vital for plant survival.
  • Pre-mRNA polyadenylation and epigenetic modifications are key regulatory mechanisms.
  • Crosstalk between polyadenylation and epigenetics is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of the links between epigenetics and polyadenylation in plants.
  • To highlight the biological significance of these interactions for plant development and environmental responses.
  • To identify unresolved questions and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent genetic analyses and studies.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on epigenomic and epitranscriptomic markers.
  • Discussion of regulatory roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and epitranscriptomic modification.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone/epitranscriptomic markers, are involved in regulating polyadenylation in plants.
  • Cotranscriptional polyadenylation processes interact with epigenomic and epitranscriptomic landscapes.
  • These interactions contribute to transcriptome diversity and fine-tune gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics and polyadenylation are intricately linked in plants, impacting development and environmental adaptation.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate these complex regulatory networks.
  • Understanding these connections offers potential for improving plant traits.