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Design considerations for cases used in pharmacy teaching and learning using the case difficulty cube.

M Joy Spark1, Katherine Baverstock2, Daniel T Malone3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.

Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning
|September 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The modified case difficulty cube (modCDC) effectively assesses case difficulty in pharmacy education, correlating with student performance. This tool aids educators in creating consistent, level-appropriate learning and assessment opportunities.

Keywords:
AssessmentCase difficultyCases

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Area of Science:

  • Health Professions Education
  • Pharmacy Education

Background:

  • Learner-centered authentic learning in health sciences utilizes case studies for knowledge integration and problem-solving.
  • The case difficulty cube (CDC), adapted from business education, was previously modified for pharmacy education (modCDC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the modified case difficulty cube (modCDC) for assessing case difficulty in health science disciplines, specifically pharmacy education.
  • To determine the inter-rater agreement (IRA) and inter-rater reliability (IRR) of the modCDC.
  • To investigate the relationship between modCDC scores and student marks in undergraduate pharmacy examinations.

Main Methods:

  • The modCDC was applied to 13 cases from summative undergraduate pharmacy examinations.
  • Inter-rater agreement and reliability were calculated for each dimension of the modCDC.
  • A post hoc analysis examined the correlation between modCDC scores and student examination marks.

Main Results:

  • Adequate inter-rater agreement was found for all modCDC dimensions.
  • Inter-rater reliability was excellent for the conceptual axis, good for presentation, and poor for analytical.
  • A significant difference in student marks was observed across most modCDC difficulty levels, indicating construct validity.

Conclusions:

  • The modCDC is a robust tool for determining case difficulty in pharmacy education prior to assessment.
  • It assists academic staff in providing consistent, appropriately challenging learning and assessment opportunities for pharmacy students.