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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.6K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.6K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.0K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
6.0K
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

1.2K
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
1.2K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

42.8K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
42.8K
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.4K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
4.4K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

17.9K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

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Quantum electron liquid and its possible phase transition.

Sunghun Kim1, Joonho Bang2, Chan-Young Lim1

  • 1Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.

Nature Materials
|September 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a pure quantum electron liquid on an electride crystal surface. This system exhibits unique correlated electronic phases and transitions, advancing quantum materials research.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials Science

Background:

  • Quantum electron systems display complex correlated electronic phases driven by quantum fluctuations and electron-electron interactions.
  • Achieving these systems requires dense electrons that are decoupled from other degrees of freedom.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery of a pure quantum electron liquid.
  • To investigate its properties and potential for exploring novel correlated electronic phases.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental realization of a quantum electron liquid on an electride crystal surface.
  • Spin-dependent measurements to probe electron polarization.
  • Tuning electron correlation strength to observe phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a pure quantum electron liquid extending ~3 Å in a vacuum.
  • Demonstration of a polarized liquid phase due to high electron density and weak hybridization.
  • Observation of a transition to a non-Fermi liquid and anomalous band deformation with increased electron correlation, suggesting a hexatic liquid crystal phase.

Conclusions:

  • The discovered quantum electron liquid is a novel platform for studying correlated electronic phases in a pure quantum system.
  • Findings push the frontier of quantum electron systems and correlated electron physics.