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Cell death and inflammation during obesity: "Know my methods, WAT(son)"
Ximena Hildebrandt1, Mohamed Ibrahim1, Nieves Peltzer2
1University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Department of Translational Genomics and; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
Cell Death and Differentiation
|September 29, 2022
Summary
Obesity causes chronic inflammation and metabolic diseases. This review highlights how adipose tissue cell death drives inflammation, impacting energy balance and insulin resistance.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic disease research
- Inflammation and immunology
Background:
- Obesity is characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation.
- Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family cytokines mediate inflammation and cell death in adipose tissue during obesity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on the impact of inflammatory responses on metabolic processes.
- To focus on the role of adipose tissue cell death in metabolic inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of inflammatory responses in obesity.
- Analysis of cell death mechanisms in adipose tissue.
Main Results:
- Obesity-induced inflammation involves TNF-family cytokines.
- Adipose tissue inflammation leads to lipid spill-over, glucotoxicity, and insulin resistance.
- These events contribute to ectopic lipid deposition and glucose intolerance.
Conclusions:
- Cell death in adipose tissue is a critical factor in metabolic inflammation.
- Inflammatory responses significantly affect energy homeostasis and insulin signaling.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing life-threatening metabolic complications of obesity.