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Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent.

Gaétan de Rassenfosse1, Kyle Higham2, Orion Penner3

  • 1College of Management of Technology, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. gaetan.derassenfosse@epfl.ch.

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Specialization in biomedical research significantly boosts publication impact, especially early in a career. This effect is more pronounced for researchers with fewer publications, suggesting focused work yields greater recognition.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Scientometrics
  • Research impact analysis

Background:

  • Specialization is crucial in scientific research, but its impact on researcher outcomes is not well understood.
  • The degree of specialization may influence productivity, career progression, and scientific impact.
  • Existing research lacks fine-grained methods to measure specialization over a researcher's career.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for measuring researcher specialization.
  • To quantify the effect of specialization on publication impact using citation data.
  • To analyze how specialization's impact varies across career stages and publication rates.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a fine-grained specialization measurement approach.
  • Applied an econometric framework to publication data of nearly 30,000 biomedical researchers.
  • Analyzed citation counts as a measure of publication impact.

Main Results:

  • Increased specialization correlates with a 25% rise in citations per standard deviation.
  • Early-career researchers see specialization benefits up to 75% per standard deviation increase.
  • Researchers publishing fewer papers relative to peers experience higher rewards for specialization.
  • Significant shifts in research direction also tend to increase impact.

Conclusions:

  • Early-career specialization strongly influences publication impact in biomedicine.
  • Findings have implications for scientific system organization and reward structures.
  • Observed rewards for specialization may stem from specific mechanisms within modern scientific systems.