Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

PD Controller: Design

PD Controller: Design

In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...

Three-Dimensional Force System

Three-Dimensional Force System

In mechanical engineering, a three-dimensional force system is a system of forces acting in three dimensions, with forces applied along the x, y, and z coordinate axes. The three-dimensional force system is an important concept in mechanical engineering, as it allows engineers to understand and analyze the behavior of objects and structures in three dimensions. By understanding the forces acting on a system, engineers can design more efficient and effective mechanical systems that can withstand...

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving

A three-dimensional force system refers to a scenario in which three forces act simultaneously in three different directions. This type of problem is commonly encountered in physics and engineering, where it is necessary to calculate the resultant force on the system, which can then be used to predict or analyze the behavior of the object or structure under consideration.
To solve a three-dimensional force system, first resolve each force into its respective scalar components. Do this using...

Two-Dimensional Force System

Two-Dimensional Force System

A two-dimensional system in mechanical engineering involves the analysis of motion and forces in a plane. A two-dimensional force vector can be resolved into its components as:

Torque Free Motion

Torque Free Motion

The torque-free motion refers to the movement of a rigid body in space when no external torques are acting upon it. This type of motion can be observed in environments where there are no external forces or frictions, like in outer space. For example, a rotation of Mars in space is a torque-free motion. Mars is an axisymmetric object, meaning it has an axis of symmetry along which it rotates, designated as the z-axis. The rotating frame of reference is defined such that the center of mass of...

Frictional Force

Frictional Force

When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Validation of Azure Kinect for Upper Limb Motion Analysis Under Optimal and Suboptimal Conditions.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Merging neural stimulation and exoskeletons to enhance sensorimotor hand functions after brain or spinal cord injury.

Science advances·2026

Same author

FES-Cycling at the Cybathlon 2024: assessing accuracy of power-pedals for low power output in a virtual race scenario.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation·2026

Same author

Kinematic-Synergy-Based Robotic Feedback Promotes Short-Term Retention of Altered Human Bimanual Motor Behavior.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026

Same author

Data-driven mouse motor thalamus model reveals topography and spatial weight scaling govern spindle dynamics.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

Testing a digitally administered intervention to increase social participation, physical fitness, and health awareness among healthy older adults by means of tablet-based app use: study protocol of the SMART-AGE randomized controlled trial.

Trials·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand

Published on: May 20, 2020

Adaptive Hybrid FES-Force Controller for Arm Exosuit.

Davide Burchielli, Nicola Lotti, Francesco Missiroli

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [Proceedings]

|September 30, 2022

Summary

This study introduces a hybrid controller combining Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and a soft exosuit for elbow rehabilitation. The system reduced user fatigue by 63% without compromising movement accuracy.

More Related Videos

Adaptation of a Haptic Robot in a 3T fMRI

Adaptation of a Haptic Robot in a 3T fMRI

Published on: October 4, 2011

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Grasping Abilities for Hemiplegic Patients with Flexible Robotic Limbs

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Grasping Abilities for Hemiplegic Patients with Flexible Robotic Limbs

Published on: October 27, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand

Published on: May 20, 2020

Adaptation of a Haptic Robot in a 3T fMRI

Adaptation of a Haptic Robot in a 3T fMRI

Published on: October 4, 2011

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Grasping Abilities for Hemiplegic Patients with Flexible Robotic Limbs

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Grasping Abilities for Hemiplegic Patients with Flexible Robotic Limbs

Published on: October 27, 2023

Area of Science:

Rehabilitation Engineering
Neuroscience
Biomedical Devices

Background:

Neuromuscular diseases cause motor disabilities, impacting daily living independence.
Robotic devices and Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) are common rehabilitation technologies with limitations.
Hybrid Robotic Rehabilitation Systems integrate technologies to overcome individual system limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and test a novel hybrid cooperative controller integrating FES and a soft wearable upper arm exosuit.
To evaluate the controller's effectiveness in rehabilitating elbow movements.

Main Methods:

Development of a hybrid cooperative controller for FES and a soft wearable upper arm exosuit.
Testing the controller on six healthy participants to assess elbow flexion movements.
Comparison of the hybrid system's performance against exosuit-alone and FES-alone conditions.

Main Results:

The hybrid controller enabled elbow flexion with no significant loss in accuracy or precision compared to the exosuit alone.
A significant reduction in user fatigue by approximately 63% was observed with the hybrid system.
The onset of user fatigue was delayed when using the hybrid controller compared to FES alone.

Conclusions:

The proposed hybrid controller effectively combines FES and a soft exosuit for upper limb rehabilitation.
This integrated approach enhances user comfort by significantly reducing and delaying fatigue.
The system shows promise for improving rehabilitation outcomes for individuals with motor disabilities.