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Updated: Aug 27, 2025
Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
Published on: June 9, 2023
Thyroid Paraganglioma With Medullary Carcinoma: A Unique Combination in a Patient in Association With Multiple
Eleni Thodou1, Theodossia Choreftaki2, Theodora Kounadi3
1Department of Pathology/Cytology, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, Larissa, GRC.
Abstract:
Head and neck paragangliomas (PGLs) most commonly derive from the carotid body, jugulotympanic, vagal, and laryngeal paraganglia. Thyroid PGLs originate in the inferior laryngeal paraganglion, which may lie inside the thyroid parenchyma. Intrathyroid PGLs are rare with approximately 75 cases reported to date, mostly as solitary lesions. The coexistence of thyroid PGL with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) has not been reported. Here, we report a unique case of intrathyroid PGL concomitant with MTC in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B syndrome. Interestingly, the patient showed a prolonged survival with good clinical response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, despite her advanced metastatic MTC. We discuss the challenges in pathology, differential diagnosis, and genetic background for the development of these thyroid lesions.
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