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Modulating superabsorbent polymer properties by adjusting the amphiphilicity.

Craig W Stocker1, Maoqi Lin1, Vanessa N L Wong2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.

Frontiers in Chemistry
|September 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Amphiphilicity enhances evaporative-dried carboxymethyl cellulose superabsorbent films by reducing hornification and increasing water uptake. Optimized polymers show high swelling capacity and improved mechanical properties, suitable for low-cost applications.

Keywords:
amphiphiliccellulosecrosslinkinghornificationsuperabsorbentswelling

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Amphiphilicity is crucial for polysaccharide-based superabsorbent polymers (SAPs).
  • Hydrophilicity enhances freeze-dried SAPs, but evaporative-dried SAPs may behave differently.
  • Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a widely used polysaccharide for SAPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of amphiphilicity on the swelling and mechanical properties of evaporative-dried CMC-based SAP films.
  • To synthesize CMC-based SAP films using diglycidyl ether crosslinkers with varying amphiphilicity.
  • To establish structure-property relationships for optimizing evaporative-dried SAP performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of CMC-based SAP films using four diglycidyl ether crosslinkers with different chain lengths and amphiphilicities.
  • Structural and physiochemical characterization of the synthesized films.
  • Evaluation of swelling capacity and mechanical properties (tensile strength, Young's Modulus).

Main Results:

  • Contrary to freeze-dried polymers, increased hydrophobicity in evaporative-dried CMC films enhanced swelling.
  • Hydrophobic moieties reduced inter-chain hydrogen bonding during drying, lowering hornification and entropy for water uptake.
  • Optimized poly(propylene glycol)-CMC polymer achieved 182 g/g swelling capacity.
  • Glycerol-CMC films exhibited tensile strength of 39 MPa and Young's Modulus of 4.0 GPa.

Conclusions:

  • Amphiphilicity plays a key role in tuning the properties of evaporative-dried CMC-based SAPs.
  • Hydrophobic crosslinking is a viable strategy to improve swelling in evaporative-dried cellulose hydrogels.
  • These materials show potential as low-cost, high-performance swellable films for various applications.