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Updated: Aug 27, 2025
Gastric Mucosa Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis for Detecting Helicobacter pylori and Antibiotic Resistance
Published on: March 7, 2025
Multi-functional vesicles improve Helicobacter pylori eradication by a comprehensive strategy based on complex
Xiaonan Chen1, Yiqing Zou1, Shuqi Zhang1
1Lab of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Abstract:
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), creating a global infection rate over 50%, presents great challenges in clinical therapies due to its complex pathological microenvironment in vivo. To improve the eradication efficacy, herein we fabricated a pharmaceutical vesicle RHL/Cl-Ch-cal where cholesterol-PEG, calcitriol and first-line antibiotic clarithromycin were co-loaded in the rhamnolipid-composed outer lipid layer. RHL/Cl-Ch-cal could quickly penetrate through gastric mucus layer to reach H. pylori infection sites, and then effectively destroyed the architecture of H. pylori biofilms, killed dispersed H. pylori and inhibited the re-adhesion of residual bacteria (called biofilms eradication tetralogy). Moreover, RHL/Cl-Ch-cal activated the host immune response to H. pylori by replenishing cholesterol to repair lipid raft on the cell membrane of host epithelial cells. Finally, RHL/Cl-Ch-cal killed the intracellular H. pylori through recovering the lysosomal acidification and assisting degradation. In experiments, RHL/Cl-Ch-cal demonstrated prominent anti-H. pylori efficacy in the classical H. pylori-infected mice model. Therefore, the study provides a "comprehensive attack" strategy for anti-H. pylori therapies including biofilms eradication tetralogy, immune activation and intracellular bacteria killing.
Insights
A novel pharmaceutical vesicle, RHL/Cl-Ch-cal, effectively eradicates Helicobacter pylori by targeting biofilms, activating immune responses, and killing intracellular bacteria, offering a comprehensive therapeutic strategy.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Nanotechnology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Helicobacter pylori infection affects over 50% of the global population, posing significant clinical challenges due to its complex in vivo pathological microenvironment.
- Current therapies face limitations in effectively eradicating H. pylori, necessitating innovative approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a novel pharmaceutical vesicle, RHL/Cl-Ch-cal, for enhanced Helicobacter pylori eradication.
- To investigate the multi-pronged anti-H. pylori mechanisms of RHL/Cl-Ch-cal, including biofilm disruption, immune modulation, and intracellular bacterial killing.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of RHL/Cl-Ch-cal vesicles co-loading cholesterol-PEG, calcitriol, and clarithromycin within a rhamnolipid outer layer.
- Evaluation of RHL/Cl-Ch-cal's mucus penetration, biofilm eradication tetralogy (destruction, killing, inhibition of re-adhesion), host immune activation, and intracellular H. pylori killing capabilities.
- Assessment of anti-H. pylori efficacy in a standard H. pylori-infected mouse model.
Main Results:
- RHL/Cl-Ch-cal demonstrated rapid penetration of the gastric mucus layer.
- The vesicles effectively executed the biofilms eradication tetralogy against H. pylori.
- RHL/Cl-Ch-cal successfully activated host immune responses and eliminated intracellular H. pylori by restoring lysosomal acidification.
- Significant anti-H. pylori efficacy was observed in vivo using the mouse model.
Conclusions:
- RHL/Cl-Ch-cal presents a comprehensive
- comprehensive attack
- strategy for H. pylori eradication.
- The study highlights the potential of RHL/Cl-Ch-cal in overcoming therapeutic challenges associated with H. pylori infections.
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