Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 27, 2025

In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice
Published on: November 22, 2017
[Research progress of phosphoglycerate mutase 5-mediated mitophagy and necroptosis]
Jing Zhang1, Miao Chen, Xinxin Liu
1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China. Corresponding author: Chen Miao,
Abstract:
Mitophagy is the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria, and it is of great significance to maintain the normal quantity and quality of mitochondria to ensure cell homeostasis and survival. Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell necrosis that can be induced by excessive mitophagy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced mainly by mitochondria and can damage mitochondria. Hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) is a serious complication of clinical oxygen therapy, and its pathogenesis is not clear. Existing studies have shown that mitophagy and necroptosis are involved in the occurrence of HALI. There are many mechanisms regulating mitophagy and necroptosis, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PINK1/Parkin) protein pathway encoded by PTEN-induced kinase 1/PARK2 gene, phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), etc. PGAM5 has been proved to be a key factor linking mitophagy and necroptosis. Previous studies of our team found that the mechanism of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) alleviating HALI was related to its pGAM5-mediated inhibition of mitophagy, but the mechanism of PGAM5-mediated mitophagy and necroptosis remains unclear. Therefore, this paper reviews the targets of PGAM5-mediated mitophagy and necroptosis, in order to find clues of lung protection of pGAM5-mediated mitophagy and necroptosis in HALI, and provide theoretical basis for subsequent basic research.
Related Concept Videos
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Autophagic Cell Death
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
Overview of Cell Death
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
Autophagy
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Necrosis
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...

