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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
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WHO Vision 2020: Have We Done It?

Dalia Abdulhussein1, Mina Abdul Hussein2

  • 1The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, NW1 5QH, UK.

Ophthalmic Epidemiology
|September 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Vision 2020 aimed to eliminate avoidable blindness, but challenges like population growth and gender disparities persist. While not fully eradicated, the initiative significantly raised global awareness of eye health issues.

Keywords:
COVID-19Non-communicable eye diseasesVision 2020World Health Organizationavoidable blindness

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Area of Science:

  • Global public health
  • Ophthalmology
  • Preventive medicine

Background:

  • The Vision 2020: The Right to Sight initiative was launched in 1999 by WHO and IAPB to combat rising rates of blindness.
  • It targeted major causes of avoidable blindness, such as cataract, refractive errors, trachoma, onchocerciasis, and childhood blindness, aiming for elimination.
  • Eye health significantly impacts individual well-being and societal functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact and effectiveness of the Vision 2020 initiative in reducing avoidable blindness globally.
  • To identify persistent challenges and demographic shifts influencing the distribution of blindness causes.

Main Methods:

  • An electronic literature search was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases.
  • The search focused on studies evaluating the outcomes and progress of the Vision 2020 initiative.

Main Results:

  • The Vision 2020 initiative successfully elevated avoidable blindness to a prominent global health agenda item.
  • While the causes of avoidable blindness have not been eliminated, their distribution has shifted due to global demographic changes.
  • Key challenges remain, including population growth, gender disparities in accessing eye care, and healthcare workforce limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Vision 2020 was crucial for global eye health awareness but did not eliminate avoidable blindness.
  • Addressing persistent challenges like population dynamics, gender inequality in eye care access, and workforce shortages is essential for future progress.
  • Continued efforts are needed to achieve the goal of eliminating avoidable blindness worldwide.