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Related Concept Videos

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
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Actin filaments undergo polymerization and depolymerization from either end. The polymerization and depolymerization rates depend on the cytosolic concentration of free G-actins. The polymerization rate is generally higher at the plus or barbed end, while the depolymerization rate is higher at the minus or pointed end. At a steady state, critical concentration describes the concentration of free G-actin monomers at which the polymerization rate at the plus end is equal to that of the...
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The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Tuning the Contractility and Deformation Modes of Active Actin-Based Assemblies In Vitro: From Two-Dimensional Active Networks to Liquid Crystal Drops
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Thermodynamic Control of Activity Patterns in Cytoskeletal Networks.

Alexandra Lamtyugina1, Yuqing Qiu1,2, Étienne Fodor3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a thermodynamic control principle for cytoskeletal structural transitions. By biasing dynamics based on work done, effective interactions are renormalized, enabling predictable control over cytoskeletal structure and dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Biological materials like the actin cytoskeleton display adaptable structures in response to external stimuli.
  • This adaptability is linked to energy consumption, but the underlying control principles are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a thermodynamic control principle governing structural transitions in a model cytoskeletal network.
  • To demonstrate how thermodynamic quantities can tune effective interactions and influence morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing methods from large deviation theory.
  • Analyzing a model cytoskeletal network under nonequilibrium conditions.

Main Results:

  • Biasing dynamics with respect to work done by nonequilibrium components renormalizes interaction strengths.
  • This renormalization leads to morphological transitions in the cytoskeletal network.

Conclusions:

  • A thermodynamic control principle for cytoskeletal structural transitions has been identified.
  • Effective interactions can be renormalized by thermodynamic quantities, allowing predictable control over cytoskeletal structure and dynamics.