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Maxwell Demon that Can Work at Macroscopic Scales.

Nahuel Freitas1, Massimiliano Esposito1

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This study demonstrates an electronic Maxwell's demon that functions at macroscopic scales by overcoming deterministic limits with increased power, albeit with reduced efficiency. This opens possibilities for macroscopic quantum effects in nonequilibrium systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Electronic Engineering

Background:

  • Maxwell's demon, a thought experiment, rectifies thermal fluctuations.
  • Expected to fail at macroscopic scales due to negligible fluctuations and deterministic dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate an electronic implementation of an autonomous Maxwell's demon.
  • To explore its functionality at macroscopic scales and under varying power conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an electronic circuit mimicking Maxwell's demon behavior.
  • Analyzed its performance in the macroscopic limit and under scaled power input.

Main Results:

  • The electronic demon ceases operation in the deterministic macroscopic limit.
  • Increased power input allows the demon to function, avoiding the deterministic limit.
  • Thermodynamic efficiency decreases as power is scaled up.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomous Maxwell's demons can operate at macroscopic scales by avoiding deterministic limits through scaled power.
  • This work suggests novel strategies for achieving microscopic effects at the macroscale in nonequilibrium settings.