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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Many-Body Systems
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • The two-dimensional quantum Ising model describes systems with competing magnetic orders.
  • Understanding nonequilibrium dynamics is key to phenomena like quantum nucleation and false-vacuum decay.
  • Rydberg-atom arrays offer a platform for simulating quantum models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nonequilibrium evolution of coexisting ferromagnetic domains.
  • To analyze the behavior of quantum-fluctuating interfaces in the 2D quantum Ising model.
  • To explore the impact of symmetry-breaking fields on system dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a holographic mapping to reduce the 2D interface problem to an effective 1D system.
  • Identifying emergent interface excitations as an integrable chain of fermionic particles.
  • Analyzing integrability breaking mechanisms and calculating timescales for domain melting.

Main Results:

  • The quantum interface dynamics map to an integrable fermionic system.
  • Integrability is broken by bubble geometry and coupling corrections.
  • A lower bound for domain melting timescale is established.
  • A symmetry-breaking longitudinal field induces robust 2D ergodicity breaking via Stark many-body localization.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a novel perspective on quantum domain wall dynamics.
  • Ergodicity breaking in 2D systems is demonstrated and linked to many-body localization.
  • The findings have implications for quantum simulations and understanding complex quantum phenomena.