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Regulation of Stroke Volume

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...

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Author Spotlight: Advancing the Analysis of Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Proteome for Cardiovascular Biomarker Studies

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Plasma protein alterations during human large vessel stroke: A controlled comparison study.

Hunter S Hazelwood¹, Jacqueline A Frank², Benton Maglinger³

¹University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.

Neurochemistry International

|September 30, 2022

Summary

Acute stroke patients show altered systemic protein levels compared to controls. Inflammatory proteins increased, while trophic proteins decreased, offering potential therapeutic targets for better stroke outcomes.

Keywords:

Inflammation Mechanical thrombectomy Stroke

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

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Published on: August 18, 2015

Area of Science:

Neurology
Proteomics
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability, with current treatments like mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and tissue plasminogen activator having limitations.
Despite advancements, functional and cognitive deficits persist post-stroke, highlighting the need for predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare proteomic expression in systemic arterial blood of ischemic stroke patients undergoing MT with a matched cerebrovascular disease (CVD) control cohort.
To identify potential prognostic stroke biomarkers and therapeutic targets by analyzing protein changes in stroke patients.

Main Methods:

Arterial blood samples were collected from ischemic stroke subjects during MT and from CVD control patients undergoing diagnostic angiography through the BACTRAC registry.
Proteomic analysis was performed using Olink Proteomics to quantify changes in cardiometabolic and inflammatory proteins between stroke and CVD control groups.

Main Results:

Specific proteins such as ARTN, TWEAK, HGF, and GDNF were decreased in stroke patients compared to CVD controls.
Conversely, proteins including CXCL1, IL6, MMP-1, and CXCL5 were elevated in stroke patients.
These protein level changes significantly correlated with stroke outcome metrics like NIHSS, infarct volume, and MoCA scores.

Conclusions:

Acute stroke patients exhibit a systemic increase in inflammatory proteins and a decrease in trophic proteins relative to matched CVD controls.
The study's novel methodology of matching CVD controls and accounting for comorbidities enhances the identification of prognostic stroke biomarkers.
These identified biomarkers serve as specific targets for future pharmacotherapeutic interventions to improve stroke outcomes.