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Psychological and physiological changes during basic, underwater, demolition/SEAL training.

Andrew K Ledford1, Meaghan E Beckner2, William R Conkright3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychological resilience and hardiness grow during Navy SEAL training, but physiological stress markers adapt differently. This study reveals distinct patterns in psychological and physiological responses to extreme stress over six months.

Keywords:
BDNFCortisolDHEAGritHardinessResilience

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Physiology
  • Military Science

Background:

  • High-stress environments like military special operations training pose significant challenges to psychological and physiological well-being.
  • Understanding adaptation mechanisms is crucial for optimizing performance and mitigating negative health outcomes in elite military personnel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally examine the development of psychological characteristics (resilience, hardiness, grit) during U.S. Navy SEAL assessment and selection.
  • To assess the adaptation of physiological stress markers (DHEA, DHEA-to-cortisol ratio, BDNF, NPY, cortisol) over a six-month period.
  • To compare the growth trajectories of psychological and physiological markers in a demanding operational training context.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design with data collection at four timepoints over six months.
  • Utilized validated instruments to measure psychological traits: resilience, hardiness, and grit.
  • Collected blood samples to analyze physiological stress markers: DHEA, DHEA-to-cortisol ratio, BDNF, NPY, and cortisol.
  • Sample size of 353 participants across three training classes.

Main Results:

  • Psychological measures of resilience and hardiness showed an initial decline followed by subsequent growth.
  • Physiological markers, specifically DHEA and the DHEA-to-cortisol ratio, increased, indicating adaptation.
  • Observed divergence in growth patterns between psychological characteristics and physiological stress markers.

Conclusions:

  • While participants develop psychological resilience and hardiness during training, their physiological stress responses follow a different adaptation pattern.
  • The findings highlight the complex interplay between psychological and physiological adaptation in extreme environments.
  • This research provides valuable insights into the long-term effects of high-stress training on elite military candidates.