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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

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Published on: May 15, 2014

Monkeypox virus: An emerging epidemic.

Alaa Aa Aljabali¹, Mohammad A Obeid¹, Mohammad B Nusair²

¹Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan.

Microbial Pathogenesis

|September 30, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The current monkeypox outbreak, the largest outside Africa, shows increasing global transmission. Smallpox vaccines are effective against monkeypox, and mRNA technology offers rapid vaccine development potential.

Keywords:

Epidemic Infectious pathogens Monkeypox Outbreak Outbreak investigation Transmission

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Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

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Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

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Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

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Area of Science:

Virology
Epidemiology
Vaccinology

Background:

The global spread of monkeypox (MPX) outside endemic regions represents a significant public health concern.
Over 57,662 cases were reported in non-African countries by September 9th, indicating widespread, potentially unreported transmission.
Research is ongoing to identify genetic factors contributing to MPX's increased virulence and transmissibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fundamental biology, transmission dynamics, and current therapeutic landscape of monkeypox.
To compare historical and modern vaccine production methods in the context of emerging viral threats.
To explore the potential of mRNA technology for rapid vaccine development against monkeypox.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of bibliographic databases and web search engines for monkeypox-related studies.
Evaluation of retrieved data on MPX biology, life cycle, and transmission.
Comparative analysis of past and present vaccine manufacturing techniques.

Main Results:

Smallpox vaccines demonstrate high efficacy against monkeypox, particularly when administered within four days of exposure.
The zoonotic nature of monkeypox raises concerns regarding viral genetic shifts and potential for sustained human-to-human transmission.
mRNA technology presents a promising avenue for accelerated vaccine development.

Conclusions:

Early administration of available vaccines is crucial due to monkeypox's long incubation period.
Continued vigilance is necessary to monitor viral evolution and mitigate transmission risks.
mRNA platforms offer a pathway to rapidly respond to future viral outbreaks.