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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

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Developing a core outcome set for physical activity interventions in primary schools: a modified-Delphi study.

Bina Ram1, Kimberley A Foley2, Esther van Sluijs3

  • 1Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK b.ram@imperial.ac.uk.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A core outcome set (COS) for primary school physical activity interventions was developed. This standardized set of outcomes will improve consistency in future research and practice.

Keywords:
Community child healthEPIDEMIOLOGYPUBLIC HEALTH

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Physical activity interventions in primary schools lack standardized outcome measures.
  • This heterogeneity hinders comparison and synthesis of research findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a consensus-based core outcome set (COS) for physical activity interventions in primary schools.
  • To establish a standardized framework for measuring intervention effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • A modified-Delphi study involving 104 stakeholders (educators, health professionals, researchers, parents) and 16 children.
  • Outcomes were identified through an umbrella review and focus groups, followed by two Delphi survey rounds and a consensus meeting.
  • Children's perspectives were incorporated through a dedicated workshop.

Main Results:

  • Fifty potential outcomes were identified across three domains: physical activity and health, social and emotional health, and educational performance.
  • Fourteen outcomes achieved consensus: five for physical activity and health (diet, energy, fitness, intensity, sleep), seven for social and emotional health (anxiety, depression, enjoyment, happiness, self-esteem, stress, well-being), and two for educational performance (concentration, focus).
  • Children identified eight key outcomes, contributing to the final set.

Conclusions:

  • The first COS for primary school physical activity interventions has been established.
  • This COS will enhance consistency and reduce heterogeneity in future research.
  • It provides a standardized approach for evaluating the impact of physical activity interventions on children's health and education.