Racism measurement and influences, variations on scientific racism, and a vision

The knowledge base regarding the impact of racism and discrimination on African American health and well-being has grown significantly since the first models of racism and health, but many questions remain. In this commentary, I discuss three challenges requiring attention in future research. The first is measurement. The second is consideration of individual and contextual influences that shape vulnerability to racism. The third challenge is racism in science itself (e.g., racial disparities in funding, absence, and erasure of African American voices in scientific discourse on health disparities). I discuss the benefits of addressing these challenges and offer a vision of what research on racism and African American health and well-being might look like as we move toward the eradication of racism and promotion of health equity.