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Magnetic Damping

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Published on: January 13, 2023

Kirigami-Inspired Programmable Soft Magnetoresponsive Actuators with Versatile Morphing Modes.

Hanlin Zhu¹, Yuan Wang¹, Yangwen Ge¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|September 30, 2022

Summary

Researchers developed kirigami-inspired soft magnetoresponsive actuators (SMRAs) for complex 3D shape transformations. These robust SMRAs enable advanced applications in soft robotics and medicine.

Keywords:

bionic soft crawling robots gaussian curvature kirigami-inspired design mechanical assembly programmable soft magnetoresponsive actuators

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Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Robotics
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

Soft magnetoresponsive actuators (SMRAs) are crucial for applications in exploration, transportation, and medicine.
Current SMRAs face limitations in fabricating complex morphing modes beyond simple bending and folding.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel method for fabricating SMRAs with complex 2D-to-3D and 3D-to-3D shape-morphing capabilities.
To enable precise magnetization programming and predictable shape transformation in SMRAs.

Main Methods:

Integration of kirigami art principles with advanced mechanical assembly techniques.
Development of an integrated finite element analysis method for quantitative prediction of shape transformation.
Fabrication of SMRAs with programmed Gaussian curvature, including multilayer and face-like structures.

Main Results:

Kirigami-inspired SMRAs demonstrated robust performance, withstanding over 10,000 actuation cycles.
Successful fabrication of complex 3D curved morphologies (ellipsoids, saddle structures) with programmed Gaussian curvature.
Development of a bionic soft crawling robot with enhanced obstacle-surmounting capabilities.

Conclusions:

The proposed kirigami-based method overcomes limitations in SMRAs' shape-morphing complexity.
The developed finite element analysis tool accurately predicts SMRAs' behavior under magnetic actuation.
This approach significantly expands the potential applications of SMRAs in soft robotics, adaptive devices, and medical treatments.