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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells
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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

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Differentiation of Peripheral Treg.

José Almeida-Santos1,2, Marie-Louise Bergman3, Jocelyne Demengeot3

  • 1Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal. j.almeida-santos@imperial.ac.uk.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details methods for differentiating peripheral regulatory T cells (pTreg) from CD4+ T cells. Protocols involve adoptive transfer into mice with transient Treg depletion or oral ovalbumin delivery for antigen-specific pTreg induction.

Keywords:
Adoptive T cell transferDEREGDO11.10Foxp3Oral toleranceTregpTreg differentiation

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Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

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14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
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Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • T cell differentiation

Background:

  • Peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs) are crucial for immune homeostasis.
  • Existing methods for pTreg differentiation require refinement for specific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide detailed protocols for differentiating polyclonal and monoclonal peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs).
  • To enable researchers to generate pTregs for immunological studies.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of naïve CD4+ T cells via flow cytometry.
  • Induction of polyclonal pTregs through adoptive transfer into Foxp3-diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice with transient Treg depletion.
  • Induction of monoclonal pTregs via oral ovalbumin administration in RAG-deficient DO11.10 mice.
  • Optional magnetic enrichment of CD4+ T cells for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successful differentiation of polyclonal pTregs using adoptive transfer and transient Treg depletion.
  • Effective induction of monoclonal pTregs in antigen-specific mouse models.
  • Demonstration of flow cytometry for cell isolation and magnetic purification for sample enrichment.

Conclusions:

  • Established protocols facilitate the generation of both polyclonal and monoclonal peripheral regulatory T cells.
  • These methods support further research into the function and application of pTregs in immunology.