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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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Forming Micro-and Nano-Plastics from Agricultural Plastic Films for Employment in Fundamental Research Studies
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Understanding plasticiser leaching from polystyrene microplastics.

Alexandra M Gulizia1, Kishan Patel2, Bronson Philippa2

  • 1College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.

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This study reveals how plastic additives, like phthalate esters and bisphenols, leach from microplastics into water. Agitation significantly increases phthalate leaching, while temperature and particle size affect bisphenol release from ocean plastics.

Keywords:
Boundary layerDiffusion modelMicroplasticsPlasticiser leaching

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Polymer Science
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Ocean plastic pollution is a significant environmental issue, exacerbated by toxic chemical additives leaching from microplastics.
  • Plasticisers, such as phthalate acid esters and diphenols, are commonly found in plastics and can leach into aquatic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively understand the leaching properties of plasticisers from polystyrene microplastics.
  • To investigate the influence of abiotic factors on plasticiser leaching rates.
  • To model plasticiser leaching behaviour for improved environmental risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated leaching of phthalate acid esters (DEHT, DEHP) and diphenols (BPA, BPS) from polystyrene microplastics.
  • Quantified leaching using gel permeation chromatography, HPLC, and thermal gravimetric analysis.
  • Characterised plasticisation with differential scanning calorimetry and modelled leaching rates using a diffusion and boundary layer model.

Main Results:

  • Phthalate ester leaching (DEHT, DEHP) was strongly influenced by the boundary layer; water agitation increased leaching by up to 66% over 21 days.
  • Diphenol leaching (BPA, BPS) was limited by molecular diffusion and dependent on temperature and microplastic size.
  • Leaching rates varied based on plasticiser type, PS plasticisation efficiency, microplastic size, and aqueous conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Leaching behaviour differs significantly between phthalate esters and diphenols from microplastics.
  • Understanding these varied leaching dynamics is crucial for predicting plasticiser concentrations in the environment.
  • Improved predictions enhance the accuracy of environmental water quality and toxicity assessments related to plastic pollution.