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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Shallow-water waveguide acoustic analysis in a fluctuating environment.

Samuel Pinson1, Victor Quilfen2, Florent Le Courtois2

  • 1ENSTA Bretagne, 2 Rue François Verny, 29200 Brest, France.

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Summary

Ocean fluctuations significantly impact underwater sound propagation. Analysis of data from the Acoustic Laboratory for Marine Applications (ALMA) system revealed consistent eigenray fluctuations, even without range-dependent sound-speed profiles.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Underwater Acoustics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • The Acoustic Laboratory for Marine Applications (ALMA) is a deployable, autonomous system for underwater acoustic research.
  • Understanding sound propagation in fluctuating ocean environments is crucial for naval and marine science applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the influence of ocean fluctuations on sound propagation in a shallow-water waveguide using ALMA-2016 campaign data.
  • To investigate the characteristics of eigenray time and direction of arrival (TOA/DOA) in a complex marine environment.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted an at-sea experiment on the continental shelf of Corsica using the ALMA-2016 system.
  • Employed a chirp signal (1-13 kHz) from a source to a receiver array separated by 9.3 km in 100m deep water.
  • Utilized time-domain beamforming on match-filtered signals for automatic detection of local maxima in the TOA/DOA domain.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant fluctuations in eigenray TOAs/DOAs over a 13-hour duration with 2-minute acquisition periods.
  • Qualitative comparisons with 2D and 3D simulations reproduced observed eigenray fluctuations.
  • Demonstrated that range dependence of the sound-speed profile was not necessary to replicate observed fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • Ocean fluctuations cause significant variations in underwater sound propagation, affecting acoustic signal characteristics.
  • The ALMA system effectively captures dynamic changes in shallow-water acoustic environments.
  • Simulations can qualitatively reproduce observed phenomena, aiding in the understanding of complex acoustic interactions.