Effects of species vigilance on coexistence in evolutionary dynamics of spatial rock-paper-scissors game

Recognizing surrounding situations, such as enemy attacks, which can be realized by predator-prey relationships, is one of the common behaviors of the population in ecosystems. In this paper, we explore the relationship between such species' behavior and biodiversity in the spatial rock-paper-scissors game by employing the ecological concept "vigilance." In order to describe the vigilance process, we adopt a multiplex structure where two distinct layers describe virtual and physical interactions. By investigating the process of evolution in species, we also found that species with different vigilance go together. In addition, by utilizing the dynamic time warping method, we found that species with the same vigilance have consistent behavior, but species with different vigilance have diverse behavior. Our findings may lead to broader interpretations of mechanisms promoting biodiversity via vigilance in species ecosystems.