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Development of a scanning tunneling microscope for variable temperature electron spin resonance.

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We developed a new scanning tunneling microscope (STM) system that integrates electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. This advanced ESR-STM operates at higher temperatures (up to 10 K) and allows direct atom/molecule deposition for broader applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science and Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Technologies
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) offers atomic-scale surface imaging and spectroscopy.
  • Integrating electron spin resonance (ESR) with STM enhances spectroscopic energy resolution.
  • Previous ESR-STM systems faced limitations in operating temperature and sample manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate a novel homebuilt STM system capable of ESR measurements.
  • To achieve higher operating temperatures for ESR-STM experiments.
  • To enable in-situ sample manipulation for enhanced experimental flexibility.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a homebuilt STM incorporating a Joule-Thomson refrigerator and a two-axis vector magnet.
  • Implementation of two radio-frequency (RF) voltage application methods: direct tip wiring and an RF antenna.
  • In-situ deposition of atoms and molecules directly within the cold STM environment.

Main Results:

  • Successful operation of the ESR-STM system at temperatures ranging from 1 to 10 K.
  • Observation of ESR signals (near 40 GHz at ~1.6 T) sustained up to 10 K, a record high temperature.
  • Demonstrated comparable ESR driving and detection efficiency between the two RF voltage application methods.
  • Capability to detect weak ESR signals (few fA) due to a low-noise tunnel junction design.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ESR-STM system offers a broad operational frequency and temperature range.
  • The system's design allows for simple modification of existing STM setups, promoting wider adoption.
  • This advancement is expected to accelerate the generalized use of ESR-STM for various scientific investigations.