Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 27, 2025
06:46
Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
Published on: August 25, 2016
11.4K
Initial results from time-resolved LaBr based hard x-ray spectrometer for ADITYA-U tokamak
S Purohit1, M K Gupta1, M B Chowdhuri1
1Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382 428, Gujarat, India.
The Review of Scientific Instruments
|October 1, 2022
Summary
This study uses a new hard X-ray diagnostic to analyze runaway electron energy in plasma. Findings show energy shifts correlating with plasma conditions, offering insights into plasma physics.
Area of Science:
- Plasma Physics
- Nuclear Fusion
Background:
- Runaway electrons (REs) are a significant factor in tokamak plasma stability.
- Hard X-ray (HX) emissions are a key passive diagnostic for studying REs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the energy distribution of runaway electrons (REs) in ADITYA-U plasma.
- To understand the temporal evolution of RE energy spectra during different plasma phases.
Main Methods:
- Setup of a LaBr3(Ce) detector-based HX spectroscopic diagnostic (75 keV to 3.5 MeV).
- Upgrade of diagnostic acquisition software for temporal spectrum evolution analysis.
Main Results:
- The HX spectrum peak shifted to lower energies (200-80 keV) in Ohmic discharges, indicating increased thermal particle content.
- RE energy distribution showed a decreasing trend with increasing electron density (ne) during Ne gas puffing and ECR pulse termination.
Conclusions:
- The HX diagnostic provides valuable insights into RE energy dynamics in tokamak plasmas.
- Plasma parameters like electron density and heating methods significantly influence RE energy distribution.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
227
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
227
01:21Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab
529
For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
529
01:22Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
571
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
571
01:22Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
865
An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
865
01:26Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
277
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
277
01:25Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods
618
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
618