Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

406
Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature...
406
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

2.4K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
2.4K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

571
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
571
Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

60.9K
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
60.9K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

227
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
227
Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

801
The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
801

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Platform for 100 s Mbar equation of state measurements on the National Ignition Facility.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Titanium alloy response sensitivity to variations in spectral reconstructions of National Ignition Facility xenon line-emission x-ray sources.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Oxygen Opacity Measurements at High-Energy-Density Conditions.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

A platform to measure isentropes from proton-heated warm dense matter on short pulse laser facilities.

The Review of scientific instruments·2025
Same author

First Measurement of Z Opacity Sample Evolution near Solar Interior Conditions Using Time-Resolved Spectroscopy.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

High resolution, sub-picosecond x-ray spectroscopy of K-shell emitters to characterize plasma emissivity measurement.

The Review of scientific instruments·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings
09:01

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

Published on: April 16, 2017

7.8K

Quantifying electron temperature distributions from time-integrated x-ray emission spectra.

M J MacDonald1, D A Liedahl1, G V Brown1

  • 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|October 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-energy plasma diagnostics using K-shell x-ray spectroscopy can be improved. A new method reveals a distribution of plasma temperatures, not just a single average, providing more accurate insights into high-energy-density physics experiments.

More Related Videos

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

12.7K
Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
06:46

Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic

Published on: August 25, 2016

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings
09:01

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

Published on: April 16, 2017

7.8K
Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

12.7K
Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
06:46

Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic

Published on: August 25, 2016

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • K-shell x-ray emission spectroscopy is crucial for diagnosing plasma conditions in high-energy-density physics (HEDP) experiments.
  • Traditional analysis assumes a single plasma temperature, which can be inaccurate due to evolving sample conditions and spatial gradients.
  • Accurate temperature determination is vital for understanding HEDP phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a parameterized model for plasma temperature distribution analysis.
  • To assess the uniqueness and uncertainties of inferred temperature distributions using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling.
  • To improve the accuracy of plasma diagnostics in HEDP experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Defined a parameterized model for plasma temperature distribution.
  • Employed Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling to explore parameter space and quantify uncertainties.
  • Analyzed time-integrated sulfur (S) and iron (Fe) K-shell x-ray spectroscopic data from the Orion laser facility.
  • Performed simultaneous fitting of multiple spectral regions.

Main Results:

  • Fitting individual spectral regions with a single temperature yielded different results.
  • Simultaneous fitting of S and Fe spectra with a single temperature distribution provided a consistent model.
  • The analysis revealed a temperature distribution, with a maximum temperature of 1310-70 +90 eV and significant contributions down to 200 eV.

Conclusions:

  • A single temperature is insufficient for accurately describing the plasma conditions in these HEDP experiments.
  • The developed MCMC-based approach provides a more realistic and accurate representation of plasma temperature distributions.
  • This method enhances the diagnostic capabilities of K-shell spectroscopy for complex plasma environments.