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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised individuals.

Susan DeWolf1, Justin C Laracy2, Miguel-Angel Perales3

  • 1Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Immunity
|October 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with weakened immune systems, especially those with blood cancers, face higher risks from SARS-CoV-2. This review explores their unique vulnerabilities to improve COVID-19 prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
B cellCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2T cellanti-CD20cancerimmunocompromisedinfectionvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Virology
  • Hematologic Malignancies
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with hematologic malignancies, exhibit heightened susceptibility to severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Underlying immunologic deficits impair the body's ability to prevent, treat, and clear the virus, increasing morbidity and mortality risks.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need to understand viral infections in individuals with compromised immunity from conditions or therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised populations.
  • To elucidate the distinct states of immunologic vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 in high-risk groups.
  • To identify how insights into immune responses can enhance prevention and treatment strategies for these populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Analysis of studies investigating innate and adaptive immune responses in the context of COVID-19.
  • Examination of factors contributing to both antiviral immunity and excessive inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Key insights into the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised individuals have been identified.
  • Distinct patterns of immune dysfunction and vulnerability specific to these populations are characterized.
  • Understanding these immune profiles is crucial for tailoring medical interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Immunocompromised individuals, especially those with hematologic malignancies, require specialized approaches to combat SARS-CoV-2.
  • Harnessing knowledge of their specific immune vulnerabilities can lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Further research into tailored immunotherapies and prophylactic measures is warranted for high-risk populations.