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Primate hemorrhagic fever-causing arteriviruses are poised for spillover to humans

Cody J Warren1, Shuiqing Yu2, Douglas K Peters1

  • 1BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.

Cell
|October 1, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) uses CD163 as an intracellular receptor, similar to Ebola and Lassa viruses. SHFV can infect human cells, suggesting a potential risk for human populations.

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Primate Health

Background:

  • Simian arteriviruses are prevalent in African primates.
  • These viruses can cause fatal hemorrhagic fevers upon cross-species transmission.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the entry mechanism of simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the cellular receptor for simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV).
  • To investigate the potential of SHFV to infect human cells.
  • To assess the risk of simian arteriviruses to human health.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of CD163 as an intracellular receptor for SHFV.
  • Assessed SHFV entry and replication in human monocytes.
  • Compared SHFV entry mechanisms with other hemorrhagic fever viruses.

Main Results:

  • CD163 was identified as an intracellular receptor for SHFV.
  • SHFV demonstrated the ability to enter and replicate within human monocytes.
  • The entry mechanism is shared with other dangerous hemorrhagic fever viruses like Ebola and Lassa.

Conclusions:

  • Simian arteriviruses may not require significant adaptation to infect humans.
  • Human monocytes are fully permissive to SHFV replication.
  • Developing serology tests for human surveillance is a critical priority due to potential zoonotic risk.
Keywords:
CD163 receptorarms racearterivirusesdisease emergencehemorrhagic feverpositive selectionprimatesvirus entryvirus evolutionzoonosis

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