The correlation between Demodex infestation and meibomian gland dysfunction at different ages

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Microbiology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common condition affecting the ocular surface.
• Demodex mites are known to infest the eyelids and may contribute to MGD.
• Understanding the age-specific impact of Demodex on MGD is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between Demodex infestation and ocular surface/meibomian gland (MG) characteristics in MGD patients.
• To compare these associations across different age groups (young vs. elderly).
• To elucidate the differential effects of Demodex on MGD based on patient age.

Main Methods:

• 202 MGD patients (18-70 years) were divided into young (18-40) and elderly (41-70) groups.
• Demodex infestation was diagnosed using expert consensus.
• Ocular surface parameters and MG function were assessed and compared between age groups and Demodex status.

Main Results:

• Young Demodex-positive patients showed significant MG dropout, orifice plugging, lid margin abnormality, and altered meibum quality.
• Elderly Demodex-positive patients exhibited more severe OSDI scores, reduced FBUT, increased CFS, MG dropout, orifice plugging, lid margin abnormality, and altered MG expression.
• Elderly patients had higher Demodex mite counts, lower FBUT, and higher tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT).

Conclusions:

• The impact of Demodex infestation on ocular surface and MG parameters in MGD varies significantly with age.
• Elderly MGD patients with Demodex infestation experience more pronounced negative effects.
• Increased clinical attention to Demodex diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies in MGD patients, especially the elderly, is warranted.