How to read a next-generation sequencing report-what oncologists need to know.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Genomics
• Molecular Pathology

Background:

• Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is integral to modern oncology for detecting targetable genomic alterations in tumors.
• NGS testing strategies are tailored to cancer type, stage, and treatment implications.
• The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) has released guidelines for NGS use in advanced cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a practical guide for oncologists on reading and interpreting NGS reports.
• To complement existing ESMO recommendations with actionable insights for clinical practice.
• To emphasize the importance of understanding NGS results for informed treatment decisions.

Main Methods:

• Review of current practices and literature on NGS report interpretation.
• Analysis of key components of a comprehensive NGS report.
• Discussion of collaborative interpretation involving molecular pathologists, tumor biologists, and clinicians.

Main Results:

• Effective NGS reports detail tumor sample information, technology, actionable results, and variants of unknown significance.
• Oncologists require foundational knowledge to interpret NGS reports beyond simply relying on provided information.
• Annotated databases and molecular tumor boards facilitate accurate interpretation and continuing medical education.

Conclusions:

• Interpreting NGS reports is a collaborative process essential for precision oncology.
• Empowering oncologists with NGS interpretation skills enhances personalized cancer care.
• Leveraging resources like databases and tumor boards optimizes the clinical utility of NGS.