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Multimedia stream hashing: A forensic method for content verification.

Gregory S Wales1, Jeff M Smith2, Douglas S Lacey3

  • 1National Center for Media Forensics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|October 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multimedia stream hashing verifies digital media integrity after format changes. This forensic method accurately detects alterations in audio, video, and images, ensuring content authenticity.

Keywords:
FFmpegaltered audio streamaltered image streamaltered video streammultimediastream hashstream hashingstream integritytranscoding

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Forensics
  • Multimedia Analysis
  • Information Security

Background:

  • Digital forensic investigations often involve multimedia file format transformations.
  • A knowledge gap exists in verifying multimedia stream integrity after such transformations.
  • Existing methods may not reliably detect subtle changes within multimedia streams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate multimedia stream hashing as a forensic technique.
  • To assess the accuracy and reliability of stream hashing for verifying multimedia content integrity.
  • To establish the error rates associated with multimedia stream hashing.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a universal stream hashing tool to decode multimedia stream data.
  • Calculated data stream hashes using reference audio, video, and image codecs.
  • Tested the method's efficacy on various transformations including transmission, transcoding, and re-containerization, utilizing FFmpeg.

Main Results:

  • Multimedia stream hashing accurately confirmed the integrity of digital images, videos, and audio.
  • The method successfully detected changes in multimedia streams during transcoding.
  • Confirmed the ability of stream hashing to identify matching multimedia streams with a very low false positive rate.

Conclusions:

  • Multimedia stream hashing is a practical and accurate forensic method for verifying multimedia content.
  • The technique reliably detects alterations in multimedia streams post-transformation.
  • Recommended adoption of multimedia stream hashing as an initial forensic testing method for digital media.