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Climate driven disruption of transitional alpine bumble bee communities.

Nicole Miller-Struttmann1, Zachary Miller2, Candace Galen2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

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Summary

Climate change impacts alpine bumble bees through phenological mismatches and habitat shifts. Range-stable species decline as warmer temperatures favor lower-elevation, range-expanding bumble bees, disrupting high-elevation communities.

Keywords:
alpinebumble beesclimate changecounter-gradient selectionphenological mismatchrange shifttransitional communities

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • High-elevation pollinators face climate change threats: heat stress, phenological mismatches with flowers, and competition from expanding species.
  • Alpine bumble bee communities are particularly vulnerable to warming trends and altered resource availability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess long-term, multi-site survey data on alpine bumble bee phenology in response to climate change.
  • To determine if bumble bee phenological responses create mismatches with floral resources, leading to community disruption and potential species replacement.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted long-term, multi-site surveys of alpine bumble bee populations in the central Rocky Mountains.
  • Analyzed phenological data for range-stable and range-expanding bumble bee species in relation to flowering plant timing and climate variables.

Main Results:

  • Both range-stable and range-expanding bumble bees showed phenological mismatches with flowering plants due to earlier spring warming.
  • Range-stable bumble bees exhibited more canalized foraging schedules, with less phenological variance than range-expanding species.
  • Warmer conditions correlated with decreased abundance of range-stable alpine bumble bees and increased abundance of range-expanding species, leading to a more diverse, novel community.

Conclusions:

  • Habitat conversion favors heat-tolerant, lower-elevation bumble bees over cold-adapted alpine species, disrupting high-elevation pollinator communities.
  • While phenological mismatch is observed, it doesn't fully explain the decline of range-stable species; habitat changes are a significant factor.
  • Continued warming is predicted to cause declines in alpine bumble bees, despite a transient increase in diversity from colonization by lower-elevation species.