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Clinical and serologic responses to acellular pertussis vaccine in infants and young children

E L Anderson, R B Belshe, J Bartram

    American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)
    |September 1, 1987
    PubMed

    Insights

    The acellular pertussis diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine is safe and effective for children. While older children experienced more mild reactions, the vaccine stimulated robust antibody responses across all age groups.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pediatrics
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • The diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine is crucial for childhood immunization.
    • Acellular pertussis vaccines aim to reduce reactogenicity compared to whole-cell vaccines.
    • Understanding the immunogenicity and safety profile in different pediatric age groups is essential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an acellular pertussis DTP vaccine in children aged 5 months to 6 years.
    • To compare local and systemic reactions and antibody responses across different age cohorts.
    • To assess the vaccine's potential as a less reactogenic alternative to whole-cell DTP vaccines.

    Main Methods:

    • Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine administered to three groups of children (5-9 months, 17-21 months, 4-6 years).
    • Monitoring for local and systemic adverse reactions post-vaccination.
    • Assessing antibody titers against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis antigens (lymphocytosis promoting factor and filamentous hemagglutinin) one month after vaccination.

    Main Results:

    • The acellular pertussis DTP vaccine was well-tolerated across all age groups, with no contraindicating reactions.
    • Older children (4-6 years) exhibited significantly more local and systemic reactions than younger children.
    • Antibody titers increased significantly in 80-90% of older children. Serologic responses to pertussis components varied by age, with greater responses in older children.
    • All children achieved protective antibody levels for diphtheria and tetanus.

    Conclusions:

    • The acellular pertussis DTP vaccine is safe and immunogenic in young children.
    • It demonstrates a potentially lower reactogenicity profile compared to historical whole-cell DTP vaccine data.
    • Age influences the reactogenicity and serologic response to the acellular pertussis components of the DTP vaccine.

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