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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model
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Thoracic Pedicle Screw Placement Utilizing Hands-On Training Session on Three-Dimensional Models.

Tye Patchana1, Ajay Ramnot2, Saman Farr1

  • 1Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA.

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|October 3, 2022
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Summary

Three-dimensional printed spine models enhance surgical training. These models provide realistic tactile feedback for teaching freehand pedicle screw placement, improving resident skills.

Keywords:
3d modelsmedical educationpedicle screw placementthoracic spinethree-dimensional models

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) models are valuable tools in medical education.
  • Effective training for freehand pedicle screw placement is crucial in neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of a three-dimensionally-printed (3DP) thoracic spine model for training freehand pedicle screw placement.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of 3DP models in improving surgical resident skills.

Main Methods:

  • Neurosurgical residents practiced pedicle screw placement on 3DP thoracic spine models.
  • Screwing time was recorded for each resident.
  • Models were assessed for medial and lateral breaches to evaluate accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The 3DP models provided tactile feedback simulating cortical and cancellous bone.
  • Residents with varied experience levels utilized the models for training.
  • The study assessed the practical application and learning curve associated with the 3DP models.

Conclusions:

  • Three-dimensionally-printed thoracic spine models are effective tools for teaching freehand pedicle screw placement.
  • These models offer a realistic training environment, potentially improving surgical outcomes and resident proficiency.