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Thyroid autoregulation: impact on thyroid structure and function in rats.

C Penel, J B Rognoni, P Bastiani

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |August 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thyroid iodine uptake remains constant despite increased plasma iodide. Cellular changes regulate thyroid function by altering membrane areas and follicle lumen volume, not hormone secretion.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Cell Biology
    • Thyroid Physiology

    Background:

    • The thyroid gland regulates iodine uptake and hormone synthesis.
    • Understanding cellular responses to varying iodide levels is crucial for thyroid function.
    • Previous research indicated a stable hormone secretion despite iodide fluctuations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the thyroid's global and cellular response to a significant increase in plasma iodide concentration.
    • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of thyroid iodine metabolism under high iodide conditions.
    • To determine how structural and functional changes at the cellular level impact overall thyroid function.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a 10-fold increase in plasma iodide concentration in a study model.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Quantified changes in basolateral iodide transfer, thyroglobulin (Tg) iodination, endocytosis, and hydrolysis.
  • Analyzed structural modifications including apical and basolateral membrane areas, follicle lumen volume, and epithelial cell morphology.
  • Compared iodine fluxes across the apical and basolateral membranes.

    • Main Results:

    • A constant net thyroid iodide intake (1.2 micrograms I/day) was maintained through balanced influx and efflux.
    • Thyroglobulin (Tg) iodination and endocytotic fluxes decreased by 45% with increased plasma iodide.
    • Significant structural changes occurred at the cellular level: apical membrane area increased by 40%, basolateral membrane area decreased by 18%, and follicle lumen volume increased by 76%.
    • Epithelial cell volume and microvilli structure remained unchanged.
    • Lysosome system activity did not modulate hormone secretion.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid iodine uptake is tightly regulated to maintain a constant intake, irrespective of plasma iodide concentration.
    • Cellular structural adaptations, particularly membrane area and follicle lumen volume, play a key role in regulating thyroid function under high iodide conditions.
    • While overall hormone secretion remains stable, intracellular processes like Tg iodination and endocytosis are downregulated to manage excess iodide.