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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

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Synchronous parathyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Ibtissem Ben Nacef1, Dayssem Khelifi1, Mehdi Kalthoum1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology University Hospital of Charles Nicolle Tunis Tunis Tunisia.

Clinical Case Reports
|October 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This case report highlights a rare instance of simultaneous parathyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma in a single patient. Early consideration of both malignancies is crucial for patients presenting with severe hypercalcemia and thyroid nodules.

Keywords:
hypercalcemiahyperparathyroidismnonmedullary thyroid carcinomapapillary carcinomaparathyroid carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The simultaneous occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma and nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma is rare.
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism can be caused by parathyroid carcinoma, often presenting with severe hypercalcemia.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old woman presented with severe hypercalcemia (serum calcium 13.83 mg/dL) and elevated parathyroid hormone (569 pg/mL).
  • Preoperative imaging revealed a large cervical nodule, initially suspected to be a parathyroid adenoma.
  • Surgical intervention led to the diagnosis of concurrent parathyroid carcinoma and incidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Findings:

  • The final histopathological examination confirmed the coexistence of parathyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
  • Parathyroid carcinoma, though uncommon, should be suspected in cases of severe hypercalcemia, especially when thyroid nodules are present.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering multiple endocrine malignancies when diagnosing rare endocrine disorders.
  • Awareness of the potential co-occurrence of parathyroid and nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma is vital for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Further investigation into the shared risk factors or biological links between these rare carcinomas may be warranted.