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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

Emerging Monkeypox virus and neuroinflammatory disorders.

Marzia Puccioni-Sohler^1,2, Carolina Marques de Oliveira³, Marcelo Namen⁴

¹Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Mariz e Barros, 775, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20270-004, Brazil.

|October 3, 2022

Summary

Monkeypox, a viral zoonosis, can cause serious neurological complications like encephalitis. Early recognition and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are crucial for managing these rare but severe outcomes.

Keywords:

Monkeypox cerebrospinal fluid encephalitis neuroinflammatory disorders neurological manifestations pediatric

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Area of Science:

Virology
Neurology
Public Health

Background:

Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease endemic to western and central Africa, with a global surge in cases since May 2022.
The virus, a double-stranded DNA virus, was first isolated in monkeys in 1958 and the first human case identified in 1970.
The recent global outbreak has raised significant public health concerns due to its rapid spread in non-African regions.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the neurological manifestations associated with monkeypox infection.
To highlight the importance of recognizing and managing potential neurological complications.
To provide insights into the diagnostic approaches for central nervous system involvement.

Main Methods:

Literature review and discussion of reported cases.
Analysis of previously documented neurological symptoms in monkeypox patients.
Emphasis on diagnostic tools including cerebrospinal fluid examination and imaging studies.

Main Results:

Neurological manifestations, including encephalitis, convulsions, dizziness, and headache, have been reported in monkeypox infections.
Encephalitis can result from direct viral invasion of the central nervous system or immune-mediated processes.
Prompt diagnosis involving cerebrospinal fluid analysis and imaging is vital for effective management.

Conclusions:

Health professionals must remain vigilant for neurological disorders in monkeypox cases.
Early detection and intervention are critical to prevent long-term sequelae.
Further characterization of the current monkeypox outbreak's neurological impact is necessary.