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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Isolation of Histone from Sorghum Leaf Tissue for Top Down Mass Spectrometry Profiling of Potential Epigenetic Markers
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Engineering sorghum for higher 4-hydroxybenzoic acid content.

Chien-Yuan Lin1,2, Yang Tian1,2, Kimberly Nelson-Vasilchik3

  • 1Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.

Metabolic Engineering Communications
|October 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic engineering of sorghum successfully produced 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) in planta, increasing biomass value for a sustainable bioeconomy. This innovation enhances biorefinery economics by creating a valuable coproduct from lignocellulosic biomass.

Keywords:
4-HBA, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid4-Hydroxybenzoic acidBioenergy cropBioproductCWR, cell wall residueCaMV, cauliflower mosaic virusDAHP, 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonateHPLC-ESI-TOF-MS, high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometryRT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative PCRRuBisCo, ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylaseShikimateSorghum

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Area of Science:

  • Plant metabolic engineering
  • Synthetic biology
  • Bioeconomy development

Background:

  • Engineering crops to produce valuable coproducts enhances lignocellulosic biomass value.
  • Rerouting metabolic pathways in plants can lead to the accumulation of high-value compounds.
  • Sorghum is a key bioenergy crop with potential for metabolic engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer sorghum for the production of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) in planta.
  • To increase carbon flux through the shikimate pathway for enhanced 4-HBA accumulation.
  • To assess the economic viability and agronomic impact of 4-HBA production in sorghum.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic engineering of sorghum using bacterial genes (ubiC and aroG).
  • Metabolic pathway rerouting from the shikimate pathway to 4-HBA production.
  • Quantification of 4-HBA accumulation in biomass at different growth stages.
  • Evaluation of plant phenotype, growth, and cell wall composition.

Main Results:

  • Transgenic sorghum lines co-expressing ubiC and aroG accumulated 1.5-1.7 dw% 4-HBA at maturity.
  • This represents a 36-40 fold increase in 4-HBA compared to wildtype sorghum.
  • Economically relevant titers (0.8-1.2 dw%) were achieved in field-grown plants harvested before grain maturity.
  • Transgenic lines showed no significant growth defects or changes in cell wall polysaccharides, with only a slight biomass yield reduction (11-15%).

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic engineering of sorghum for 4-HBA production is feasible and economically relevant.
  • This approach offers a strategy to enhance biorefinery economics by adding value to lignocellulosic biomass.
  • The developed transgenic lines represent a significant step towards sustainable bio-based chemical production.