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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
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A new look at cognitive functioning in pediatric MS.

Lauren B Krupp1, Emmanuelle Waubant2, Michael Waltz3

  • 1Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|October 3, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show no cognitive differences compared to healthy children. However, pediatric MS patients outperform adults with MS on cognitive assessments.

Keywords:
BICAMSCogstatePediatric MSadult MScognitioncognitive screening

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well-defined compared to adult MS.
  • Understanding cognitive performance in pediatric MS is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cognitive performances in pediatric MS, adult MS, and pediatric healthy controls.
  • To elucidate the cognitive profile of pediatric MS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) and Cogstate Brief Battery.
  • Compared consecutive relapsing pediatric MS participants with pediatric healthy controls and adults with relapsing MS.
  • Transformed cognitive test results to age-normative z scores.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric MS patients did not differ from healthy pediatric controls on composite scores or individual tests from either battery.
  • A significant proportion of both pediatric MS and healthy control groups showed impairment on cognitive screens (26-32%).
  • Pediatric MS patients performed significantly better than adult MS patients on several cognitive measures, including BICAMS composite, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Cogstate choice reaction time, even after controlling for disease duration.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric MS patients exhibit comparable cognitive screening performance to healthy pediatric peers.
  • Cognitive function in pediatric MS appears to be better preserved than in adult MS.
  • These findings highlight potential differences in disease impact on cognition between pediatric and adult MS populations.