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Published on: July 27, 2022
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Evolution of the cardiac dyad.
1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork T12 XF62, Republic of Ireland.
Summary
Cardiac dyads, crucial for heart function, appear to have evolved independently multiple times across animal evolution, with distinct BIN1 protein features in vertebrates.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Cellular Ultrastructure
Background:
- Cardiac dyads facilitate excitation-contraction coupling via sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and transverse-tubules (TT).
- Key proteins like bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) are vital for cardiac dyad function.
- Understanding the evolutionary history of cardiac dyads provides insight into heart development and function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To reconstruct the evolutionary history of the cardiac dyad across animal taxa.
- To phylogenetically analyze the evolution of the BIN1 protein.
- To compare BIN1 peptide motifs involved in TT formation across metazoans.
Main Methods:
- Literature survey for ultrastructural evidence of cardiac dyads.
- Phylogenetic reconstruction of BIN1 evolutionary history.
- Comparative analysis of BIN1 peptide sequences.
Main Results:
- Cardiac dyads identified in mammals, arthropods, and molluscs, but absent in other surveyed taxa.
- Vertebrate BIN1 proteins are paralogues, not orthologues, of invertebrate BINs.
- Novel BIN1 features in vertebrates may contribute to TT and dyad formation.
Conclusions:
- Cardiac dyads have evolved independently multiple times during metazoan evolution.
- BIN1 protein evolution is distinct between vertebrates and invertebrates.
- The independent evolution of cardiac dyads highlights the diverse strategies for cardiac function across taxa.
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