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Ocular manifestations in IgA nephropathy.

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Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) can cause eye inflammation, including scleritis. Early diagnosis and combined kidney and eye care are crucial for managing this rare systemic disease and preventing complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Systemic autoimmune diseases

Background:

  • Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a systemic disease that can affect the eyes.
  • Ocular manifestations in IgAN patients are not well-documented, necessitating further research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe IgAN cases presenting with scleritis.
  • To review and analyze ocular manifestations in patients with IgAN.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing IgAN in ocular inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of 38 publications, identifying 55 cases with ocular manifestations in IgAN patients.
  • Case series of 4 women with IgAN and anterior scleritis.
  • Analysis of ocular manifestation types, patient demographics, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The most frequent ocular issues included episcleritis (23.6%), scleritis (16.4%), hypertensive retinopathy/retinal vasculopathy (20.0%), and uveitis (14.5%).
  • Ocular symptoms preceded IgAN diagnosis in 29.1% of cases.
  • Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants were common treatments, with 3 of 4 reported scleritis cases showing no recurrence after treatment.

Conclusions:

  • IgAN should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular inflammatory conditions.
  • Prompt recognition and multidisciplinary management involving nephrologists can mitigate disease morbidity.