Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

642
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
642
Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

2.8K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
2.8K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

492
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
492
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

6.7K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
6.7K
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

4.9K
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
4.9K
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

5.0K
Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corrigendum to "In-situ forming carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel containing Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. leaf extract for mixed infectious vaginitis treatment by reshaping the micro-biota" [Carbohydrate Polymers 339 (2024) 122255].

Carbohydrate polymers·2026
Same author

Tailoring virus-inspired nanoparticles for advanced drug and gene delivery.

Materials today. Bio·2026
Same author

Role of ferroptosis on immunotherapy in breast cancer.

Molecular biology reports·2026
Same author

Construction of a MOF-Based Snap-Top Delivery Nanosystem for Powerful Dual-Responsive Synergistic Colitis Treatment.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Multivalent sulphur-modified biosilica nanostructures for bacterial enteritis therapy.

Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B·2026
Same author

Cell-Free DNA-Based Theranostics for Inflammatory Disorders.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
08:02

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells

Published on: September 23, 2021

2.6K

Multi-functional extracellular vesicles: Potentials in cancer immunotherapy.

Ling Zhang1, Mengchi Sun2, Zhonggui He2

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China.

Cancer Letters
|October 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise for cancer immunotherapy (CIT) by overcoming low response rates and individual differences. These natural carriers enhance immune recognition and effector function for more effective cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Biohybrid systemCancer immunotherapyCancer vaccineExtracellular vesicleTumor microenvironment

More Related Videos

Scalable Biomanufacturing Workflow to Produce and Isolate Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Based Cancer Biotherapeutics
08:50

Scalable Biomanufacturing Workflow to Produce and Isolate Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Based Cancer Biotherapeutics

Published on: August 16, 2024

828
Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles
11:31

Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: May 22, 2019

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
08:02

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells

Published on: September 23, 2021

2.6K
Scalable Biomanufacturing Workflow to Produce and Isolate Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Based Cancer Biotherapeutics
08:50

Scalable Biomanufacturing Workflow to Produce and Isolate Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Based Cancer Biotherapeutics

Published on: August 16, 2024

828
Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles
11:31

Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: May 22, 2019

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) has transformed cancer care but faces limitations like low response rates and variability.
  • These limitations stem from deficits in immune recognition and immune effector functions.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs), natural intercellular communicators, offer potential solutions due to their unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of EVs in modulating tumor immunity.
  • To highlight the advantages of EVs as therapeutic carriers for cancer immunotherapy.
  • To discuss advancements in biohybrid EVs and EV-based strategies for enhancing CIT efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on EVs in cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of EV properties relevant to therapeutic applications.
  • Discussion of clinical perspectives, challenges, and future directions for EV-based therapies.

Main Results:

  • EVs possess inherent properties like biocompatibility, targeting ability, and barrier permeability beneficial for CIT.
  • Biohybrid EVs and multi-functional EV strategies are being developed to address CIT limitations.
  • Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the potential of EV-based therapies.

Conclusions:

  • EVs represent a promising platform for developing next-generation cancer immunotherapies.
  • Overcoming deficits in immune recognition and effector function is key to successful EV-based CIT.
  • Further research and clinical validation are essential to realize the full potential of EVs in cancer treatment.