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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

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The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Manufacture and Drug Delivery Applications of Silk Nanoparticles
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Engineering the right formulation for enhanced drug delivery.

Wei-Ren Ke1, Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang2, Hak-Kim Chan2

  • 1School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.

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|October 3, 2022
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Summary

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) offer advantages for inhaled therapy. Particle engineering strategies are crucial for overcoming formulation challenges and enhancing drug delivery for both small molecules and biologics.

Keywords:
AerosolisationDry powderFormulationInhaled drug therapyParticle engineeringParticulate properties

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are versatile for delivering various drugs, including small molecules and biologics.
  • Traditional DPI formulations often use lactose carrier particles, which can limit physical stability, aerosolization, and bioavailability.
  • Meeting the demands for advanced inhaled therapies requires overcoming limitations of conventional DPI formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review challenges in formulating low-dose and high-dose small molecule drugs and biologics for DPIs.
  • To discuss innovative particle engineering strategies for enhanced drug delivery via inhalation.
  • To explore emerging techniques for optimizing inhalable powder formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DPI formulation challenges and particle engineering techniques.
  • Analysis of strategies for small molecules, peptides, proteins, and cells.
  • Discussion of methods for improving powder flowability, dose uniformity, and aerosol performance.

Main Results:

  • Conventional lactose-based DPIs face limitations in physical stability, aerosolization, and bioavailability.
  • Particle engineering offers solutions for enhancing drug delivery for diverse active pharmaceutical ingredients.
  • Various techniques are employed based on drug properties (e.g., small molecules, biologics) and required dosage.

Conclusions:

  • Particle engineering is essential for advancing DPI technology beyond traditional lactose blends.
  • Innovative strategies are needed to address the complex formulation requirements of modern inhaled therapeutics.
  • Optimized particle engineering can significantly improve the efficacy and delivery of drugs administered via DPIs.