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Prevalence and risk factors for functional iron deficiency in children with chronic kidney disease

Bishnu Kumar Thapa1, Prateek Bhatia2, Jitendra Meena1

  • 1Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
|October 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Functional iron deficiency (FID) affects one-fourth of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and mineral bone disease are key risk factors for FID in children with CKD.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Iron Metabolism

Background:

  • Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors.
  • Functional iron deficiency (FID), characterized by impaired iron transport to the bone marrow, is a significant etiological factor in anemia.
  • Understanding FID prevalence and risk factors in pediatric CKD is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of functional iron deficiency (FID) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • To identify associated risk factors for FID in this pediatric population.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding anemia management in pediatric CKD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving children aged ≤12 years with CKD was conducted.
  • Exclusion criteria included patients on erythropoietin or maintenance dialysis.
  • Laboratory parameters such as complete blood count, red blood cell indices, and serum ferritin were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Anemia was prevalent in 63% of the 174 pediatric CKD patients studied.
  • Absolute iron deficiency was observed in 38% of patients, with FID identified in 25%.
  • Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and mineral bone disease were significantly associated with FID.

Conclusions:

  • Functional iron deficiency (FID) is a notable contributor to anemia in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting approximately one-fourth of patients.
  • FID should be considered in pediatric CKD patients with anemia unresponsive to standard treatments.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the long-term impact of FID on patient outcomes, including quality of life and mortality.
Abstract

Keywords:
AnemiaChildrenChronic Kidney Disease (CKD)Functional Iron Deficiency (FID)Iron deficiency

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